Inadequate infrastructure, especially in rural areas, can lead to a lack of proper classrooms, libraries, and laboratories. Insufficient access to clean water and sanitation facilities can pose health challenges for students.

Limited access to technology and the internet, particularly in rural and economically disadvantaged areas, can hinder students' ability to engage in online learning and access digital educational resources.

Many students in India face financial barriers that can affect their ability to afford education-related expenses, including tuition fees, textbooks, and transportation.

India is linguistically diverse, and the language of instruction varies across states. Students may face challenges if the medium of instruction is not their first language.

Students with disabilities may encounter challenges due to the lack of inclusive facilities, assistive technologies, and trained educators who can cater to their specific needs.

Gender bias can lead to lower enrollment and retention rates for girls, limiting their access to education.

Disparities in the quality of education between urban and rural areas can impact the learning outcomes for students.

Socio-cultural norms may discourage certain groups, particularly girls, from pursuing education beyond a certain level.

Students from migrant families or those affected by displacement may face challenges in terms of continuity in education and adapting to different educational systems.

The intense focus on examinations and competitive testing can create stress and mental health challenges for students.

Limited access to career guidance and counselling services can hinder students' ability to make informed decisions about their educational and career paths.